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Related article: Basile Audoly and S?bastien Neukirch of the University of Paris VI think, however, that they have succeeded where Feynman failed. Their calculations, Buy Tofranil revealed in a forthcoming paper in Physical Review Letters, suggest that the key to the problem lies in so-called flexural waves. Each time part of a bent strand breaks, a series of these waves ripples down the length of the pasta. The mistake Feynman probably made was to assume that the strain released when a bent strand breaks allows the two half-strands to relax and become straight again. Instead, according to their equations, the passing waves cause parts of the daughter strands to curve even further. This triggers other breakages which, in turn, Tofranil Mg trigger further waves, causing the strand to fragment. To put their mathematical solution to the test, they devised a rigorous experiment. And, like all Tofranil Online good researchers, they describe their materials and methods in Purchase Tofranil a way that allows others to repeat what they did: "A Barilla no. 1 dry spaghetti pasta of length L=24.1cm was clamped and bent into an arc of circle," they write. "Twenty-five experiments were carried out with various pasta diameters." By snapping 1,000 photos per second as they released the bent strands, they were able to see the travelling waves and to show that the motion of the strands followed their equation exquisitely. Videos of all this can be viewed [4]here. Dr Audoly's and Dr Neukirch's research does have a serious point, of course. The steel struts that help to hold up skyscrapers and bridges are slightly less trivial examples of thin rods whose tendency to break needs to be understood. Knowing the mechanisms by which these rods fragment is important not only for Tofranil Uses designing such structures but also for reconstructing what has Tofranil Pm gone wrong when one fails. Having out-thought Feynman, though, it is hard Tofranil 50 Mg to see what should be next on the pasta Order Tofranil Online research agenda. Perhaps a suitably profound problem is that of the Order Tofranil Tofranil Cost slowing Tofranil Price down of time--a well-established part of the theory of relativity. Or, to put it in pasta terms, does a watched pot take longer to boil? From checker at panix.com Mon Aug 15 22:54:55 2005 From: Buy Tofranil Online checker at panix.com (Premise Checker) Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 18:54:55 -0400 (EDT) Subject: [Paleopsych] AP: Harvard to investigate origins of life Message-ID: Harvard to investigate origins of life http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/national/apscience_story.asp?category=1501&slug=Harvard%20Evolution Monday, August 15, 2005 ? Last updated 6:03 a.m. PT THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- Harvard University is joining the long-running debate over the theory of evolution by launching a research project to study how life began. The team of researchers will receive $1 million in funding annually from Harvard over the next few years. The project begins with Generic Tofranil an admission that some mysteries about life's origins cannot be explained. "My Purchase Tofranil Online expectation is that we will be able to reduce this to a very simple series of logical events that could have taken place with no divine intervention," said David R. Liu, a professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard. The "Origins of Life in the Universe Initiative" is Cheap Tofranil still in its early stages, scientists told the Boston Sunday Globe. Harvard has told the research team to make plans for adding faculty members and a collection of multimillion-dollar Buy Cheap Tofranil facilities. Evolution is a fundamental scientific theory that species evolved over millions of years. It has been Tofranil Tablets standard in most public school science texts for decades but recently re-emerged in the spotlight as communities and some states debated whether school children should also be taught about creationism or intelligent design.